Intraoperative Hypothermia on Postoperative Complications in General Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Intraoperative hypothermia, defined as a core body temperature below 36∘C during surgery, is a common occurrence in general surgical procedures. This review explores the relationship between intraoperative hypothermia and the incidence of various postoperative complications. Literature Review: Maintaining normothermia during surgery is crucial for optimal patient outcomes. Studies have consistently demonstrated that even mild hypothermia can significantly increase the risk of adverse events. These complications include an increased incidence of surgical site infections due to impaired immune function and vasoconstriction, prolonged emergence from anesthesia, and coagulopathy leading to increased blood loss and transfusion requirements. Furthermore, hypothermia can exacerbate myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Shivering, a common response to hypothermia, can also increase metabolic demand and patient discomfort. Conclusion: Intraoperative hypothermia is a modifiable risk factor associated with a wide range of preventable postoperative complications in general surgery. Proactive strategies for maintaining normothermia are essential to improve patient safety and optimize recovery. Implementing consistent temperature monitoring and active warming interventions throughout the perioperative period should be a standard of care to mitigate these risks and enhance overall surgical outcomes.