Efficacy of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Chronic Wound Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers, represent a significant clinical challenge. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which are abundant and easily accessible, are a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their ability to promote angiogenesis and modulate inflammation.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating the efficacy of topically applied or injected ADSCs for chronic wound healing. The primary outcome was the rate of complete wound closure. The literature was searched using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Results: Twelve RCTs involving 680 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that treatment with ADSCs significantly increased the likelihood of complete wound closure compared to standard care (Odds Ratio: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.1-5.8; p < 0.001). Time to healing was also significantly reduced in the ADSC-treated groups.

Discussion: The strong pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory paracrine effects of ADSCs appear to be the key drivers of their therapeutic benefit in chronic wounds. They help to re-establish blood flow and resolve the persistent inflammatory state that prevents healing.

Conclusion: The application of adipose-derived stem cells is a safe and effective advanced therapy that significantly improves the healing of chronic wounds. It represents a valuable addition to the armamentarium of modern wound care.