Mind-Body Therapies for the Management of Symptoms in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Mind-body therapies, which focus on the interaction between the brain, mind, body, and behavior, are increasingly used by fibromyalgia patients. This systematic review assesses the efficacy of mind-body therapies, including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), yoga, and Tai Chi, for managing fibromyalgia symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews through September 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing mind-body therapies to control conditions (e.g., usual care, education) in adults with fibromyalgia were included. Primary outcomes of interest were pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life.

Results: The review included 21 RCTs. Strong evidence was found for the effectiveness of MBSR in reducing pain and improving quality of life. Yoga interventions demonstrated moderate evidence for improving sleep quality, fatigue, and mood. Tai Chi showed moderate evidence for reducing pain and improving physical function. The effects were generally maintained at short to medium-term follow-up.

Discussion: Mind-body therapies offer a promising approach to fibromyalgia management by addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition. These therapies appear to be safe and well-tolerated. The multicomponent nature of these interventions makes it challenging to isolate the specific mechanisms of action. Future research should focus on comparative effectiveness and long-term outcomes.

Conclusion: Mind-body therapies, particularly MBSR, yoga, and Tai Chi, are effective in managing key symptoms of fibromyalgia and improving overall well-being. These therapies should be considered as part of an integrative treatment plan for fibromyalgia.