Ginkgo Biloba Extract for the Treatment of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Introduction: Tinnitus is a common otological symptom with limited effective treatments. Ginkgo Biloba extract is frequently used by patients, but its efficacy is controversial. This systematic review was conducted to assess the clinical evidence for the effectiveness of Ginkgo Biloba in treating tinnitus.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for RCTs published up to October 2019. Studies comparing Ginkgo Biloba extract to placebo in patients with tinnitus as a primary complaint were included. The primary outcome was the change in tinnitus loudness and severity.

Results: Thirteen RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The overall quality of the studies was low to moderate. A qualitative synthesis of the results showed no convincing evidence that Ginkgo Biloba was superior to placebo in reducing tinnitus symptoms. Meta-analysis of a subset of studies using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) found no significant difference between groups (Mean Difference = -1.5, 95% CI: -4.0 to 1.0).

Discussion: Despite its widespread use, the existing evidence does not support the efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba for treating tinnitus. The lack of effect was consistent across different dosages and study durations. The placebo effect in tinnitus trials appears to be substantial.

Conclusion: Based on rigorous RCTs published before 2020, Ginkgo Biloba is not recommended for the treatment of tinnitus.