Berberine's Anti-Proliferative Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from various plants, has shown promise against HCC. This review consolidates the preclinical evidence on berberine's anti-proliferative mechanisms in HCC.

Methods: A systematic search of in-vitro and in-vivo studies was performed. Studies investigating the molecular mechanisms by which berberine inhibits HCC cell growth, induces cell death, and suppresses tumor progression were included.

Results: Forty-two preclinical studies were analyzed. Berberine was shown to inhibit HCC proliferation by inducing G1/S phase cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis through activation of caspase-3. It also suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting key signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK.

Discussion: Berberine's ability to simultaneously target multiple critical signaling pathways involved in HCC proliferation and survival underscores its potential as a therapeutic agent. Its low cost and oral availability are additional advantages.

Conclusion: Preclinical evidence strongly supports berberine's multi-targeted anti-proliferative activity against hepatocellular carcinoma.