Pomegranate Extract for the Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence

Abstract

Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common human malignancy, often caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. Pomegranate fruit extract (PFE), rich in polyphenols, has been investigated for its photochemopreventive properties. This review summarizes the preclinical evidence.

Methods: We systematically reviewed in-vitro and in-vivo studies that evaluated the effect of PFE or its constituents on UV-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis. Endpoints included DNA damage, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor formation in animal models.

Results: Nineteen preclinical studies were analyzed. The results showed that topical application or dietary supplementation with PFE significantly protected skin cells from UV-induced DNA damage, reduced inflammatory responses, and inhibited the signaling pathways that lead to skin cancer. In animal studies, PFE delayed tumor onset and reduced tumor multiplicity.

Discussion: Pomegranate extract exhibits potent photochemopreventive activity through multiple mechanisms. It represents a promising natural agent that could be incorporated into sunscreens or used as a dietary supplement for skin cancer prevention.

Conclusion: Preclinical evidence strongly supports the potential of pomegranate extract as a chemopreventive agent against UV-induced skin cancer.