Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seed for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Insulin resistance is a core defect in T2DM. Fenugreek seeds, rich in soluble fiber and the amino acid 4-hydroxyisoleucine, have been proposed to improve insulin sensitivity. This review assesses the clinical evidence for this effect.

Methods: A search of multiple databases was performed for clinical trials that evaluated the effect of fenugreek seed preparations on measures of insulin resistance (e.g., HOMA-IR) and glycemic control in T2DM patients.

Results: The analysis included 12 trials. The majority of studies reported that fenugreek supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity, as indicated by a reduction in HOMA-IR. This was accompanied by significant reductions in both FBG and postprandial glucose levels.

Discussion: Fenugreek appears to enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control through multiple mechanisms, including delayed gastric emptying and direct effects on insulin signaling.

Conclusion: Fenugreek seed is an effective herbal adjunct for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.