Correlation Between the Severity of Coronary Heart Disease and QT Dispersion in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly associated with cardiovascular complications, including coronary heart disease (CHD). QT dispersion, an electrocardiographic marker of cardiac electrical instability, has been investigated as a key link between these conditions. This review synthesizes literature on the correlation between CHD severity and QT dispersion in patients with OSA.

Methods

This abstract is based on a literature review synthesizing findings from multiple clinical studies. The review examined the association between OSA, QT dispersion, and CHD severity, and evaluated the impact of OSA on arrhythmogenic risk in various patient populations, including those with stroke and heart failure.

Results

Severe OSA is consistently associated with increased corrected QT (QTc) interval dispersion. A pivotal study conducted in Indonesia revealed a weak positive correlation between the severity of CHD and prolonged QT dispersion in patients with OSA. Prolonged QTc intervals in OSA patients are linked to severe desaturation events and are particularly pronounced in deeper sleep stages, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The assessment of QT dispersion via electrocardiogram is a simple method to anticipate arrhythmias in this population.

Discussion

QT dispersion serves as a valuable, non-invasive marker of cardiac electrical instability induced by OSA. While the direct correlation with CHD severity is modest, the consistent link between OSA, increased QT dispersion, and arrhythmogenic risk highlights a critical pathophysiological pathway. This relationship is complex, influenced by factors like nocturnal hypoxemia and sleep architecture, necessitating a comprehensive patient assessment.

Conclusion

A clear association exists between OSA and increased QT dispersion, a vital indicator of cardiovascular risk. While its direct correlation with CHD severity may be weak, monitoring QT dispersion remains a crucial and accessible strategy for identifying OSA patients at higher risk for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.