Association of Very Preterm Birth or Very Low Birth Weight With Intelligence in Adulthood

Abstract

Background: The association between very preterm birth or very low birth weight (VLBW) and intelligence in adulthood has garnered significant attention in recent years, reflecting a growing concern regarding the long-term neurocognitive outcomes of individuals born under such conditions. Literature Review: In the analysis of the role of nutrition, the findings from the article by (Sammallahti et al., 2007) reveal that higher neonatal energy intake is positively correlated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as general intelligence, memory, and executive functioning at the age of 25. Furthermore, the study by (Sripada et al., 2008) illustrates the structural brain development trajectories of VLBW children, indicating that lifelong cognitive deficits, especially in executive functions, are prevalent. The correlation between brain morphology and cognitive performance emphasizes the need for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive outcomes.  Additionally, the research conducted by (Sun Kim et al., 2009) highlights the persistent cognitive challenges faced by VLBW infants, particularly in learning and behavioral domains. The findings indicate that lower birth weights are associated with higher risks of cognitive disabilities, reinforcing the notion of a compounding effect of prematurity on cognitive impairments. Conclusion: In conclusion, the literature consistently supports the association between very preterm birth or VLBW and cognitive deficits in adulthood. The interplay of nutritional factors, brain development, and the long-term cognitive challenges faced by this population necessitates continued research and targeted interventions to improve outcomes for individuals affected by these conditions.