The Role of Green Tea Catechins (EGCG) in the Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the one of most common malignancies in men. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main catechin in green tea, has been proposed as a potent chemopreventive agent due to its antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. This review assesses the evidence supporting the use of green tea or its extracts in preventing prostate cancer.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed to identify RCTs and cohort studies. Studies investigating the association between green tea consumption or EGCG supplementation and the incidence or progression of prostate cancer or its precursor lesions were included.

Results: The review included 12 studies. Epidemiological studies consistently showed an inverse association between high green tea consumption and prostate cancer risk. Clinical trials on patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) demonstrated that EGCG supplementation significantly reduced the risk of progression to cancer compared to placebo.

Discussion: The evidence suggests a protective role for green tea catechins against prostate cancer development. The mechanisms are likely multifactorial, involving the modulation of androgen signaling and induction of apoptosis. However, optimal dosage and long-term safety require further investigation.

Conclusion: Green tea catechins show significant promise as a chemopreventive agent for prostate cancer, particularly in high-risk populations.