The Anti-Metastatic Potential of Herbal Compounds: A Systematic Review of In-Vivo Models

Abstract

Introduction: Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death. Herbal compounds have been investigated for their ability to interfere with the metastatic cascade. This review synthesizes the in-vivo evidence for the anti-metastatic activity of various phytochemicals.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of preclinical studies using animal models of cancer metastasis. Studies evaluating the effect of defined herbal compounds (e.g., curcumin, EGCG, resveratrol) on tumor cell invasion, intravasation, and the formation of distant metastases were included.

Results: The review of 55 studies showed that multiple herbal compounds effectively inhibited metastasis in various cancer models. Key mechanisms included the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and interference with angiogenesis and tumor cell adhesion.

Discussion: A substantial body of preclinical evidence supports the anti-metastatic potential of various herbal compounds. Translating these findings into the clinic is a critical next step but is challenged by issues of bioavailability.

Conclusion: Numerous herbal compounds demonstrate potent anti-metastatic activity in animal models, representing a promising area for drug development.