Anti-Leukemic Activity of Andrographis paniculata and Andrographolide: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Leukemia treatment is challenging due to drug resistance and toxicity. Andrographis paniculata and its primary active diterpenoid, andrographolide, have demonstrated anti-cancer properties. This review systematically summarizes the evidence for their anti-leukemic effects.

Methods: A search of preclinical studies was performed across multiple scientific databases. In-vitro studies assessing the effects of Andrographis extracts or andrographolide on the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of various leukemia cell lines were included and synthesized.

Results: Thirty-two in-vitro studies were reviewed. The evidence consistently showed that andrographolide induced potent dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cell lines. The primary mechanism was the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, often involving the modulation of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling.

Discussion: Andrographolide is a potent anti-leukemic compound that targets fundamental cancer cell survival pathways. Its consistent efficacy across multiple leukemia types in preclinical models makes it a strong candidate for further drug development.

Conclusion: Andrographolide exhibits significant anti-leukemic activity in preclinical models, justifying further in-vivo and clinical investigation.