Characteristics and quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract

Introduction Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis face a diminished quality of life (QoL) due to numerous physical, psychological, and social stressors. This literature review synthesizes recent evidence to explore the key factors influencing the QoL of this population.

Methods This literature review analyzes seven key articles published between 2012 and 2024. The analysis examines the multifaceted nature of QoL, including the impact of dialysis on self-concept , the role of social support , the perspectives of family caregivers , and the call for human-centered care models.

Results The evidence demonstrates that QoL is a strong predictor of clinical outcomes like mortality and hospitalization. Positive determinants include strong perceived social support, which enhances survival , and patient self-efficacy. Conversely, psychological burdens such as depression and anxiety are prevalent and significantly diminish QoL. The disease's impact extends to family caregivers, whose well-being is interconnected with the patient's. Despite technological advances, patients' QoL remains low, prompting calls for human-centered care that prioritizes patient experience.

Discussion The findings indicate that managing hemodialysis patients requires a holistic approach beyond clinical treatment. The significant impact of psychosocial factors suggests a purely biomedical model is insufficient. The interconnectedness of patient and caregiver well-being means support systems must be broadened to include the family unit.

Conclusion There is a critical need for comprehensive, human-centered care for hemodialysis patients. Clinical practice must integrate psychosocial support and address caregiver needs to meaningfully improve the QoL for individuals living with chronic kidney disease.