Arthritis in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Abstract

Introduction Arthritis is a significant extrahepatic manifestation of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, posing diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to other rheumatic diseases. This literature review synthesizes recent evidence on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and evolving management of HCV-related arthritis (HCV-AR).

Methods This comprehensive review analyzes six key articles published between 2010 and 2023. The analysis examines the clinical presentation of HCV-AR, its differentiation from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), epidemiological factors, and the impact of modern direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies on rheumatologic symptoms.

Results The literature indicates HCV-AR typically presents as a mild, non-destructive, intermittent oligoarthritis that mimics RA. While arthralgia is a common complaint, true chronic inflammatory arthritis is less frequent. The advent of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has transformed management, as successful viral eradication leads to significant improvement in arthritis symptoms. Consequently, screening for HCV in patients with unexplained arthralgia is recommended for early detection and intervention.

Discussion The evidence confirms a strong link between HCV infection and arthritis. The development of effective DAAs has shifted the treatment paradigm from symptom control with antirheumatic drugs to curative treatment of the underlying viral infection. This underscores the need for high clinical suspicion of HCV in patients with new-onset arthritis and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration.

Conclusion HCV-related arthritis is a key extrahepatic manifestation of chronic hepatitis C. Increased clinical awareness and screening for HCV in patients with unexplained arthralgia are crucial. Definitive management involves successful viral eradication with DAAs, which resolves rheumatologic symptoms and improves overall patient outcomes.